Do Correctional Officers Abuse Their Authority?

Do Correctional Officers Ab theatrical role Their Authority?Correction officers hold consider sufficient agent and position within the bailiwicks system. They ar in charge of maintaining discipline and ordinate within the facility at which they work. Many people view chastening officers as the cause of madness within the prisons and jail. Others view fudge factor officers as those who argon professional, ethical, and hold good moral standards. I advise a questionnaire consisting of yes, no, and no reply response choices entrust back up in determining the cause of violence, part of the dark figure of crime, and what percentage of correction officers actu solelyy follow by the rules and regulations.Correctional Officers Do They Abuse Their Authority or Provide Equal TreatmentAre correctional officers abusing their powers and bureau by mistreating inmates or could they be arbiter providers and treat the inmates ethically and fair? Many people be lead to believe that inmate s be cosmos treated inhumanely by wildness or coercion into negative living environment and are organism treated unethically by the officers who come close them according to the crime they arrive at committed, or by their associations within the facility. Others view correctional officers as the cause of an offender to relapse or to become repeat offenders. The objective lens of this research is to determine if the treatment correction officers give inmates affect the crime rate in the facility, to determine if inmates are mistreated, to determine if officers cease one a nonher to mistreat inmates, guy their authority, and to orient that this regard stack contribute to the general get winding of crime or form _or_ system of g e actuallywherenment responses to crime.The purpose of this research is to determine if correctional officers violate inmates in any way. The purpose is overly to determine why violence is notwithstanding occurring in prisons after the prisoners perplex been convicted of a crime and given their sentences. This research study impart also show how the correction officer job is turning into a multitasked profession. Not only is this research going to be used to show how correctional officers are treating the inmates, but it pull up stakes also show whether or not to a greater extent violence is occurring by the inmates towards other inmates or whether or not correctional officers excite something to do with the violence occurring within the facility.Literature Review at that place rescue been previous studies on correctional officers concerning the maltreat of authority. at that place have been experiments conducted such as the Stanford prison experiment which discovered that correctional officers do feel as if they have more power and atomic number 50 treat the inmates but they feel like. oneness point of view that one could perceive from the Stanford prison experiment is that ordinary people change once they are pu t into a situation where they call that they can dominate (Zimbardo, 1999-2009). The impact of social forces has an effect on the behavior and the way a individual reacts to the situation (Clements, 1999). The results of that experiment strongly indicated that in certain(p) situations, behavior applies itself which causes the person to act accordingly to the situation.In another study, by Wolff, Shi and Siegel (2009), research concluded that people within the prison system have above-average evaluate of victimization during both childhood and adulthood. The correctional settings are cognize for the violence between inmates and staff. The research found evidence showing the rates of victimization cosmos higher in a prison setting then that in a alliance setting. In a study that examined the characteristics of an officer and the investigations of the use of force, at that place were conclusions made that in that location is excessive use of force going on in the correctional f acilities. McElvain and Kposowa (2004) acknowledged that departmental experience was the strongest predictor of investigations for alleged use of force. While race had no effect, gender did. Males were more likely to be investigated for the use of force than females. Also, younger officers were more likely to be investigated than older officers.There has always been a history of prison violence and correctional officers abusing the authority. According to Gross (2008), history is replete with incidents of seemingly decent people committing horrendous acts of violence in what they believe to be the pursuit or defense of arbiter and right. Gross (2008) discussed experiments such as the Stanford Prison Experiment and the BBC Prison take in. Apart of his discourse concluded that both prison studies demonstrated that under some circumstances, some individuals resist going-with-the-flow of group-associated barbarity. Gross (2008) also went on to say that if a person with authority over a group of individuals varies in their zero-tolerance stance towards brutality, then brutality may emerge anywhere.There have been numerous studies on correctional officers and brutality including experiments and questionnaires. Butterfield (2004) talks about physical and sexual abuse of prisoners, similar to what has been uncovered in Iraq, takes place in American prisons with little public knowledge or concern, according to department of corrections officials, inmates and human rights advocates.DiscussionThe ProfessionUnder the job description for a correction officer, one might find that their duties include being able to sustain the prisons in accordance with the set forth policies, procedures, codes, and regulations. The officers responsibilities include watching and protecting the inmates from harm, escape, and contraband, as well as fights that break out amongst the inmates. Officers are allowed to search any inmate that they feel is a threat, as well as directing the inma tes to where or what they bespeak to go and do in order to maintain discipline. Correction officers career can get challenging due to the verbal and psychological abuse that they experience.Within the line of their duties, there are several(prenominal) situations that officers can be put in that can have an influence on the officers judgments and actions. Correctional officers have no law performment rights outside of the prison. Not being able to enforce the law outside of the prison could lead to correctional officers to want to be more harsh within the area that they are allowed to enforce the law and have authority(McElvain Kposowa, 2004).HistoryThe history of corrections, guards, and officer dates back to the 12th Century under King Henry II when he began a organize court system for handling all criminal charges. During the Ancient and Medieval Era, correctional objectives were more about retribution and retaliation rather then incarceration and proportionate sentences. By the mid 1700s, practices were becoming violent and bloody being completely out of proportion with the starkness of the offense. John Howard, a well cognise prison reformer began the era of establishing efficient means of penal treatment and crime pr level(p)tion. (Henry II of England, 2008)According to Villanueva (2007), many of the early 1600s correctional methods were based upon the slope law and practices. The roots of this system began during the colonial times in the original thirteen colonies. The jails were used for the people who were awaiting trial or who could not pay their fees and fines. sensible punishment was designed to be viewed by the public as a form of deterrence. During the late 1700s to the early-mid 1800s, the penitentiary was designed and developed.The Pennsylvania System and the New York chromatic System were two of the most influential penitentiaries to the corrections system. These two systems were designed during a time of land and population growth. Near the beginning of the 1900s, probation and parole became a broad aspect of corrections. Juvenile courts were established and the court system took an individual case approach. Throughout the rest of the 1900s until todays present time, corrections took on the perspectives of providing medical services, community service, and crime prevention and control (Villanueva, 2007).Corruption in CorrectionsCorruption in the corrections system can and has lead to the dark figure of crime. There are suits where correction officers allow things to go on that they know is against policy, rules, and regulations. Correction officers know that no matter what goes on within the prisons when dealing with the inmates, they have the swiftness hand. The officers can force the inmates or other faculty members into doing something or letting something go by without saying anything, even though it is illegal from opposite perspectives. junior officers should feel the need to follow the rules more cl osely than the officers that are older with more experience. The young officers characteristics should be more ethical than those of older officers who knows how the operation of the system, however all correctional officers should hold high ethical and moral standards.The work environment for correction officers is a very challenging and hazardous place. Correction Officers have one of the highest rates of non-fatal on-the-job injuries. Many of these injuries occur during confrontations with the inmates. The newer facilities are well ventilated, temperature controlled, and well lighted tour other facilities are older with little to no ventilation, no temperature controls, and the lighting is distressing. In environments like these, working under stress and pressure would be increased because the nature of the job (Bureau of Labor, 2009). Correctional facilities are known to have an affect on the inmates as well as the staff physically and psychologically. Past experiences of vict imization could be applicable causes for adult criminal activity. It would be prevalent to recognize and identify this phenomenon.Suggested Quality ResearchIn todays society, many people believe that inmates are treated poorly once they are incarcerated, while on the other hand, other people believe that the inmates are getting the treatment that they deserve. I have designed a research study that would help in determining whether or not correction officers violate the inmates in any way. The strategy would consist of a questionnaire that contained twenty questions with YES, NO, and NO REPLY answer choices. A copy of the suggested questionnaire may be obtained by contacting the author through the affiliated university. This study could contribute to general understanding of crime or policy responses to crime and I feel that it would be just as beneficial as other similar research if not more significant. The answer choices will help in guaranteeing that the honest answers received will help improve the operational chain of command and the flow procedures within corrections system.The correctional officers can sometimes have an affect on why inmates act a certain way or why they do certain things to themselves and or others. I want this research to show officials that correctional officers allow one another to mistreat inmates without saying a word to anyone. This research will also allow correctional officers to speak anonymously about what is going on in the facility and how they are treating the offenders, whether it is positive or negative by other officers and or staff. A predicted outcome of this research would be that correctional officers do abuse their authority, and that there are crimes going on inside the prison directly resulting from officers actions or directly from the officers.Fellner (2004) discusses that in recent years, U.S. prison inmates have been beaten with fists and batons, stomped on, kicked, shot, stunned with electronic devices, dou sed with chemical sprays, choked, and slammed face first onto concrete floors by the officers whose job it is to guard them. Inmates have ended up with broken jaws, smashed ribs, perforated eardrums, missing teeth, burn scars not to mention psychological scars and emotional pain. Some have even died as the end result. Both men and women prisoners could face staff rape and multiple forms of sexual abuse and then the officers will bribe, coerce, or violently force the inmates for certain favors. Men and women inmates can experience correctional officers mistreatment and exploitation for many different reasons.Parsons-Pollard (2006) believe that the study of ethics in criminal justice has proliferated over the past 25 years as the public demands a higher level of ethical accountability for those in professional positions. The ethics of criminal justice professionals should be very precise allowing no room for anyone to become corrupt within the system. The ethical values of a correcti ons officer should be recognized in respect to the expected actions of correctional officers. If the officers are not going to abide by their rules and regulations within their workplace, then the correction officer profession may not be suitable for them.The conclusion and analysis of the result from this study will help to determine whether or not correctional officers are abusing the inmates and how they will address the problem. Sometimes, correctional officers abuse the inmates and take away what rights the inmates do have, do it very noticeable within the prison facilities that there is violence occurring that could be prevented. The scoop out way to conquer this problem is to provide staff with adequate training on controlling their frustrations and anger rationalises, and to establish a well communicated staff. Even though the inmates are incarcerated for a reason, that doesnt mean that inmates should get poor treatment from the officers while they are incarcerated. The correctional officers are there to provide safety amongst the prison populations and officers should not judge the inmates according to their crime, the judge has already done it.Correction officers need to have current training and development in regards to their positions at the facility. They need to have a common knowledge of the application of law and how it is applied to those incarcerated. They should know the Constitutional Rights as well as the federal and jail standards for their state and province. to each one correction officer should be able to conduct searches of both inmates and the areas that they are permitted access such as their cell. It would be relevant to have substance abuse prevention training to have a working knowledge of what substances are being used and abused and how.There are several aspects of corrections. The inmates may all hold different point of views in regards to how they view incarceration. One may view incarceration as a way to do something i llegal, get caught and incarcerated, and still be able to receive all the free benefits of being incarcerated such as free food, water, sleeping corridors, television, computer/internet, and legal services. Those incarcerated have a pass out more benefits and opportunities then a lot of people that are barely keeping up in life. Another might view prison as the most devastating experience that they have ever encountered. There are physical, emotional, and psychological issues that arise with those that are incarcerated and the officer must be able to understand their changes in behavior in order to maintain discipline.There are situations that may arise within the facilities where the correction officer would have to report to court. An all-important(a) area that they should be trained in would be courtroom testimony. Other important areas that they should be trained in would be report writing, and how to take fingerprints, pictures, and identification of the offenders being proc essed.ConclusionApart of any profession, the employee should be able to provide their employer with professionalism, ethics and morals, and proficient communication skills. These tierce elements are an important part of the correction officers profession. As apart of the training that they receive, the Correction officers should be well trained in how to respond to a situation where an inmate has taken another person within the facility as a hostage. A correction officer should also be able to respond adequately to a situation where there is a barricaded area. If any emergency were to break out, the correction officers should be able to respond as sufficiently as possible.Offenders all have different reasons as to why they are incarcerated and they are all going to deal with those reasons the best way they know how. Some may not be able to deal with those issues turning them into problems. Psychological issues, abnormal behavior, and thoughts and threats of suicide are all going to be prevalent when dealing with a group of criminals in a somewhat small area. When riots, fights, and or disorder starts to unfold in the prisons and jails, the correction officers are people responsible for being able to respond to the situations.There are situations that a correction officer may face daily that could result in prisoner abuse allegations. Prisoners are incarcerated for a particular reason and they are there because they committed a crime and have been sentenced. The judge is responsible for giving the inmates the sentence that they deserve therefore no official except the judge should be responsible for giving the inmates the treatment as well as the sentence that they get. Correction officers tend to want to give the inmates the treatment they deserve and that leads to the abuse of inmates. This abuse is apart of the dark figure of crime which is crime that goes unnoticed, unaccounted for, and unpunished.Inmates that are serving their sentences accordingly are be ing punished by the law and they dont need any spare appalling treatment, unless they are acting out or causing more trouble within the system. Officers may believe that because they have the authority to keep the prison under control then they have the authority to treat the inmates however they desire. If they think that they can not get into trouble or will not get into trouble then they will be more prone to doing and completing the actions. There has been a long history of corrections in the United States from retribution to rehabilitation and there has been a history of abuse of inmates from the correction officers.Payment And encumber Issues wind IndustryPayment And Delay Issues Construction IndustryThe face industry plays an important role in any countrys development process. The industry establishes buildings and base of operations full treatment required for social frugal development which contribute to the overall economic growth. The success of economic developm ent will further lead to an increase in disposal incomes, generating demand for additional social structure activities. Therefore, it is important to make sure the economy growth of construction industry is moving smoothly.Payment is considered as the lifeblood of the construction industry because constructions often pick out very large capital outlay and take a considerable time to complete (Naseem, 2005). In the construction industry, payment is the sum of money pay to declarers, consultants and suppliers after their works, service or materials has been successfully realized or accepted. Payments are so important to these parties that it is a constant headache for them as problems in construction would always be revolving around the poor payment practices. In cases like this, contractors would be directly affected as they are the one who receive and elapse the most amounts of monetary sources in a project done. A regular disbursement of interim payment is a critical point for a contractor to help them survive in the construction field.Whether it is late payment or not being paid in the amounts certified, it all literally means admit-sized problems to the contractors as currency flow will be effected. Some small construction companies such as Class F contractors would even close tune due to late payments. Cash flow is critical to the construction industry. Even Lord Denning famously said that cash flow is the life-blood of the construction industry. The ease of cash flow is an essential element in delivering a successful project.Many actions have been taken by brass to curb the payment problems among contractors. Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu in 2008 for instance has proposed to make direct payments to sub-contractors handling government projects with immediate effect to ensure that they receive the money on time Government officers that stick around the distribution of payments to contractors will be given surcharge. But that does not stop there. Recen tly, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi shows his concerns over complaints from contractors and suppliers about late payments. He had instructed that all payments must be made within three weeks of the date of receipts of the bills.Government is very particular about this matter because it was giving a negative perception of the current implementation of the 10th Malaysia send off that is moving at a slow pace. The 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) that runs from 2011-2015 besides reinforcing the New Economic Model (NEM) also reinforced the theme of Towards Higher Income with more measures to transform the nation into a high-income economy.Nonetheless, there are still cases of tallyed payment and non-payment in arbitration if not in the court. Contractors are still face problems in receiving their payments. Arbitration and judicature process not only consumed much time and money but could kill the business as well. As a contractor, what is the most appropriate action should be taken in sec uring their payments without effecting their business and cash flow?Statement of ProblemThe construction industry plays a very important role in generating wealth and improving the quality of life of the people through the provision of social and economic infrastructure like infrastructure like schools, hospital, houses, roads, airports, ports etc. It is linked to the whole spectrum of the economy and has a multiplier effect that enables other industries to prosper alongside. Hence, it is vital to ensure that construction projects are efficaciously and efficiently implemented. Problems of cash flow due to issues on late, under and non-payment can severely affect the implementation of construction projects and thus the provision of the nations infrastructure and built environment.In construction, delay could be defined as the time overrun any beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project.Delays in payment means there is a delays in progress compared to the baseline schedule. While, problems of delay in payment has continued to worsen in the construction industry (Pitcher, 2010)According to Davenport 2010, the Constructon Industry Development Boards Construction Industry Indicators (CII) had conducted a survey in blanket Town 2009. The survey indicates that only 42% of contractors were paid on time and 58% of payments to contractor were made 30days or more after invoicing. Payments delays in 2009 show quite a significant deterioration compared with the payment delays in 2007 and 2008. CIDBs CEO, Ronnie Khoza states that the issue of payment delays is a very serious matter. The delays could be the result of a poor quality of invoices or corruption within government departments.Contractor Calculator reveals from a latest contractor survey that a whopping 88% of contractors have been receiving their payment late from their agency or client. According to Dave Chaplin, CEO of Contractor Calculator, this is a sad reflection of the times, particularly as 37% of respondents suffering delayed payment have a contract with the public sector.Construction works involve huge amounts of money and most of the contractors find it very difficult to bear the heavy daily construction expenses when the payments are delayed. Work progress can be delayed due to the latepayments from the clients because there is inadequate cash flow to endure construction expenses especially for those contractors who are not financially sound. (Murali Sambasivan, 2006)Purposes of StudyThe construction industry which affected by the cash flow of such projects is getting serious year by year. One of factors causing the problem of cash flow is late payment. In response to the predicted possible concern for this problem, this research is conducted to investigate this issue further in both orphic and public construction project.Objectives of StudyThe objective of the study is to compare the factors that contribute to delay in progress payments for construction projects between the private and public sector.Research QuestionsDelay in construction interim payment consequently affects the progress of the construction project. Either in private or public construction project, payment is the life blood for a project in order to complete in the certain period. Hence, it is important to light up out this problem. To find the solution, we must know the causes influence the late payment. Therefore, this research will enable us to provide the answers for the pastime questionsWhat are the factors that contribute to delay in progress payments for construction projects?Is it private sector and public sector influence by the same factors?Significance of StudyThis research should increase the consciousness of both contractors and employers in relation to the payment issues. The contractors should take attention with late payment issue, because it will bring a big impact to their financial abi lity. The developers or government should also take attention with this issue in order to minimize the impact to the work in site. By that, making improvement either on their own companionship or employers is important to solve the problems. Besides that, the research is also expected to grab the attention of the employers or developers in making their payments promptly and timeliness.This research help to find out the most common reasons cause the delay in progress payment for construction project in private and public sector. Compare the reason which most frequently happens to see whether these two different fields face the same problems in getting payment. humans projects usually involve more parties in preparing the payment certificate, while private projects which are normally involved weak financial backgrounds employers. After identify the factors causes delay in these two fields, the next step is to find the solution to solve the problems.Through the research, the findings may assist the relevant parties such as developers or government and the contractors in addressing problems associated to late payment in an effective and timely manner to create a win-win situation for all parties in the Malaysian construction industry. It is hoped that the relevant parties will adopt and implement the necessary plan of action in order to minimise disputes on payment in any construction project, so as to create a friendly and enjoyable working environment for all parties and to improve the payment flows in the Malaysian construction industry.Scope of StudyThis research will be focusing on late payments in the Malaysias construction industry in both private and public project in Johor Bahru. This study will focus on the building works in construction projects.This research will be focusing on the main party in the Malaysias construction industry, which is a contractor. Contractors, whose are carry out the works on site and receiver of payment to make sure the const ruction works in the progress. Hence, they are the important party in getting the right information in this research.Research MethodologyThe research for this study was conducted using the following approachesa) Literature ReviewThis includes the secondary data and information collected from different sources which can be used to conduct the research. The sources include books, journals, magazines, newspaper, dissertations, conference papers, periodicals, information from the internet, etc. These materials were used as background information in order to fully understand the information needed for discussion and analysis in the research. The information can be any issues related to the delay in payment in global construction industries.b) Questionnaire SurveyThe principal method used to collect primary feather data from contractors was the use of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was designated according to the problems in delay of payment in both sectors, private and public in order to achieve the objective of the study. Further details and analysis of the data will be discussed in Chapter 3.c) InterviewBesides questionnaire survey, interview sessions will be conducted to collect the primary data. In order to get more exact and detail data, experienced contractor will be the target respondents to be interview.(Placeholder1) (Sub-contractors to be paid directly by Works Ministry)(n.d.).ReferencesChaplin, D. (Director). Contractors suffering late-payment abuse by agencies clients, reveals latest survey Motion Picture.Davenport, J. (9 April, 2010). Contruction survey reveals worrying payment-delay trend. Construction Industry Development Board . Cape town design News.Murali Sambasivan, Y. W. (2006). Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction industry. International Journal of Project Management , 524.Naseem, N. A. (2005). International Forum Construction Industry Payment Act and Adjudication. Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication A ct . Kuala Lumpur CIDB and ISM.Pitcher, G. (2010, April 26). Construction late payment worsens. Construction News.Sub-contractors to be paid directly by Works Ministry. (2008, Feb 1). New Straits generation Online.